Using GPT offers is a great way to go for people looking to put some quick cash in their pocket. It is quick and it is easy, but there are a few important tips and tricks that you will want to know in order to make sure your GPT Offers credit, earning you the money you deserve. Heed the following GPT tips, and you are sure to make a killing using GPT sites.
Using GPT offers provides a means by which stay at home moms, college students and everyone else can earn some serious money from home. Still, there are a few important tips you will want to follow as you get started. Follow these GPT tips to help ensure you make the kind of money you deserve using GPT sitesGPT sites.
1) Create an email address (yahoo, hotmail, etc.). This will be the email address to submit while using GPT offers.
2) Remember, only one account per household.
3) Personal tip: Avoid doing cell phone or ringtone GPT offers. They simply are not worth it.
4) Never complete the same GPT offer more than once. Never. Your account can be canceled.
5) Do not race through any offers you do. Make sure they are done correctly.
6) After you complete an offer, try to leave the browser for a few minutes. This can sometimes help to insure that the offer credits and that you are paid.
7) Always make sure to clear your cookies after every offer you complete. I actually like to do this as well before each offer. It only takes all of about 4 seconds to do.
8) If you decide to do the paid offers (a good idea as they will pay you more, 10 even 20 times more) I always suggest getting a prepaid credit card from somewhere like Walmart. It is safer than using your own credit card, and this way you can avoid the hassle of trying to cancel a charge that shouldn't be there. That scenario is rare, but better safe than sorry.
Following these simple tips while using GPT offers will help insure you accomplish your goal. From here you will want to complete as many offers as you possibly can, and then work on getting referrals, to add to the massive amount of residual income that you can earn.
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Friday, 26 August 2011
What evidence is there that poor air conditioning maintenance can lead to sick building syndrome?
Medical professionals are acquiring a significant amount of evidence to demonstrate that the quality of air found inside a building impacts the health of the occupants.
Indoor air is increasingly important because populations now spend a substantial fraction of time within buildings. In offices and factories as well as residences, retirement homes and day-care centres, indoor air quality affects people of all backgrounds, and especially those who are particularly vulnerable through their state of health or age. From a population health professional?s perspective, the management of indoor air quality is an important part of the overall picture.
High levels of relative humidity inside a building can result in the emergence of mould and mites. Furthermore, micro-bacterial contamination can result from many hundreds of species of bacteria that can multiply indoors when there is sufficient moisture available. Exposure to microbial contaminants is now well understood to be associated with respiratory symptoms, asthma and immunological reactions as well as allergies.
The role of Ventilation in a Building
Ventilation is intended to remove or dilute pollutants and to control the temperature and humidity in buildings. The level of ventilation needs to be sufficient either to remove The pollutants and humidity generated indoors or to dilute their concentrations to acceptable levels for the health and comfort of the occupants. A number of studies, e.g. [1] have shown an association between ventilation and health, although the precise relationship differs by study.
Ventilation can be achieved with a variety of natural and mechanical methods. Whilst, proper ventilation does indeed generally deliver health improvements, ventilation can also have adverse effects if not properly designed, maintained and Managed. It is possible for ventilation to allow the inflow of harmful substances that degrade the indoor air quality.
Ventilation particularly affects air and moisture flow through the building and poor ventilation may also result in moisture problems that degrade the structure. Ventilation changes pressure differences across a building and may cause or prevent the infiltration of pollutants from building structures or adjacent spaces.
In non-residential buildings (and also in hot climates), ventilation is often combined with air-conditioning, which further complicates the operation of these systems.
The addition of humidifiers to ventilation systems or as stand-alone units, can introduce a high humidity or micro-organisms that grow on components in humid locations, such as drip pans in air-conditioning units or humidifiers, as well as chemicals used for water treatment.
A number of studies show that the onset of symptoms of sick-building syndrome can be linked to the nature of the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system [2, 3]. Air-conditioning is commonly associated with a measurable increase in the frequency of one or more sick-building syndrome symptoms in office buildings when compared to similar buildings with natural ventilation.
There is now a significant body of evidence to suggest that improved hygiene, installation, operation and maintenance of air-handling systems is particularly significant in reducing the negative effects of these systems [2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
So, what are the implications of this evidence for an employer whose employees are accommodated in an air-conditioned environment?
Simply, that with a regular programme of maintenance in place, many of the unwanted effects highlighted above, such as moisture and microbial contamination can be minimised to a level that does not impact on the occupants health. But conversely, should the air-conditioning system be neglected, then there is a potential health impact on the building occupants.
References
[1] Sundell J, Levin H (2007). Ventilation rates and health: report of an interdisciplinary review of the scientific literature. Final report. Atlanta, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers.
[2] Mendell MJ, Smith AH (1990). Consistent pattern of elevated symptoms in airconditioned office buildings: a reanalysis of epidemiologic studies. American Journal of Public Health, 80:1193?1199.
[3] Seppanen OA, Fisk WJ (2002). Association of ventilation system type with SBS symptoms in office workers. Indoor Air, 12:98?112.
[4] Sieber WK et al. (1996). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health indoor environmental evaluation experience: part three ? associations between environmental factors and self-reported health conditions. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11:1387?1392.
[5] Seppanen O, Fisk W, Mendell M (1999). Association of ventilation rates and CO2 concentrations with health and other responses in commercial and institutional buildings. Indoor Air, 9:226?252.
[6] Mendell MJ et al. (2003). Environmental risk factors and work-related lower respiratory symptoms in 80 office buildings: an exploratory analysis of NIOSH data. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 43:630?641.
[7] Mendell MJ et al. (2006). Indicators of moisture and ventilation system contamination in US office buildings as risk factors for respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms: analyses of the EPA BASE data. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 3:225?233.
[8] Mendell MJ et al. (2008). Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE study. Indoor Air, 18:301?316
------
Iain Jones works for Pro-Duct Clean Ltd a commercial air duct cleaning company. Pro-Duct Clean serve industrial customers in the UK.
Indoor air is increasingly important because populations now spend a substantial fraction of time within buildings. In offices and factories as well as residences, retirement homes and day-care centres, indoor air quality affects people of all backgrounds, and especially those who are particularly vulnerable through their state of health or age. From a population health professional?s perspective, the management of indoor air quality is an important part of the overall picture.
High levels of relative humidity inside a building can result in the emergence of mould and mites. Furthermore, micro-bacterial contamination can result from many hundreds of species of bacteria that can multiply indoors when there is sufficient moisture available. Exposure to microbial contaminants is now well understood to be associated with respiratory symptoms, asthma and immunological reactions as well as allergies.
The role of Ventilation in a Building
Ventilation is intended to remove or dilute pollutants and to control the temperature and humidity in buildings. The level of ventilation needs to be sufficient either to remove The pollutants and humidity generated indoors or to dilute their concentrations to acceptable levels for the health and comfort of the occupants. A number of studies, e.g. [1] have shown an association between ventilation and health, although the precise relationship differs by study.
Ventilation can be achieved with a variety of natural and mechanical methods. Whilst, proper ventilation does indeed generally deliver health improvements, ventilation can also have adverse effects if not properly designed, maintained and Managed. It is possible for ventilation to allow the inflow of harmful substances that degrade the indoor air quality.
Ventilation particularly affects air and moisture flow through the building and poor ventilation may also result in moisture problems that degrade the structure. Ventilation changes pressure differences across a building and may cause or prevent the infiltration of pollutants from building structures or adjacent spaces.
In non-residential buildings (and also in hot climates), ventilation is often combined with air-conditioning, which further complicates the operation of these systems.
The addition of humidifiers to ventilation systems or as stand-alone units, can introduce a high humidity or micro-organisms that grow on components in humid locations, such as drip pans in air-conditioning units or humidifiers, as well as chemicals used for water treatment.
A number of studies show that the onset of symptoms of sick-building syndrome can be linked to the nature of the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system [2, 3]. Air-conditioning is commonly associated with a measurable increase in the frequency of one or more sick-building syndrome symptoms in office buildings when compared to similar buildings with natural ventilation.
There is now a significant body of evidence to suggest that improved hygiene, installation, operation and maintenance of air-handling systems is particularly significant in reducing the negative effects of these systems [2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].
So, what are the implications of this evidence for an employer whose employees are accommodated in an air-conditioned environment?
Simply, that with a regular programme of maintenance in place, many of the unwanted effects highlighted above, such as moisture and microbial contamination can be minimised to a level that does not impact on the occupants health. But conversely, should the air-conditioning system be neglected, then there is a potential health impact on the building occupants.
References
[1] Sundell J, Levin H (2007). Ventilation rates and health: report of an interdisciplinary review of the scientific literature. Final report. Atlanta, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers.
[2] Mendell MJ, Smith AH (1990). Consistent pattern of elevated symptoms in airconditioned office buildings: a reanalysis of epidemiologic studies. American Journal of Public Health, 80:1193?1199.
[3] Seppanen OA, Fisk WJ (2002). Association of ventilation system type with SBS symptoms in office workers. Indoor Air, 12:98?112.
[4] Sieber WK et al. (1996). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health indoor environmental evaluation experience: part three ? associations between environmental factors and self-reported health conditions. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11:1387?1392.
[5] Seppanen O, Fisk W, Mendell M (1999). Association of ventilation rates and CO2 concentrations with health and other responses in commercial and institutional buildings. Indoor Air, 9:226?252.
[6] Mendell MJ et al. (2003). Environmental risk factors and work-related lower respiratory symptoms in 80 office buildings: an exploratory analysis of NIOSH data. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 43:630?641.
[7] Mendell MJ et al. (2006). Indicators of moisture and ventilation system contamination in US office buildings as risk factors for respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms: analyses of the EPA BASE data. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 3:225?233.
[8] Mendell MJ et al. (2008). Risk factors in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems for occupant symptoms in US office buildings: the US EPA BASE study. Indoor Air, 18:301?316
------
Iain Jones works for Pro-Duct Clean Ltd a commercial air duct cleaning company. Pro-Duct Clean serve industrial customers in the UK.
Visions of Dystopia in The Giver and “The Lottery”
Lois Lowry's The Giver is only one in a huge series of classic "dystopian" literature. (Think "utopia," then think Third Reich.) What makes it stand out from novels like 1984 or Brave New World - aside from the iconic grizzled-old-man cover - is that you might have memories of reading it already in the fourth or fifth grade; in this sense, you could put The Giver in the same category as Shirley Jackson's "The Lottery," a deceptively uncomplicated dystopian short story that many of us read in junior high school. Aside from the fact that this has probably done some serious damage to your formative years, the real shame here is that these stories are often considered so "easy" to read that they don't merit revisiting in high school or college - you know, when you might actually understand them. To put these wrongs to right, let's compare both stories for some literary I'll-show-you-mine-if-you-show-me-yours.The world of The Giver centers on a strictly controlled society known as The Community. Its members live in a sort of self-imposed stasis, meaning that their population, behavior, speech, activities, and emotions are all regulated by a select group of elites known as The Elders. Just to be safe, though, humanity's collective memories - which include pre-reform experiences of things like love, lust, hate, fear, fun, pleasure, envy… hell, even color - are all stockpiled into one guy known as "The Receiver of Memory," who keeps everyone from having to make choices that could be dangerous. Let's hope he never falls down the stairs or anything. On a more cryptic note, The Community keeps healthy by "releasing" all its sick children, old geezers, and misfits to the land known as "Elsewhere." Remember when Mom told you that Socks went to a ranch where she could frolic in a field as big as the sky? Well the difference here is that when Mom said it, she wasn't the one doing the killing.On the plus side, living in The Community takes all the hassle out of job hunting, since everyone's lot in life is... well, just that: each person is allotted a certain occupation at age eleven without question or complaint. That is, until young Jonas is selected to replace the ridiculously old man currently serving as The Receiver of Memory (who's scheduled to make a little "day hike to Elsewhere" of his own); things run afoul when the transfer of the old man's memories enables Jonas to feel things like love, pain, fear, and "holy crap! - where are you sending my sick adoptive kid brother?!" Having learned that "releasing" entails nothing more than a lethal injection and a short drop into a trash chute, Jonas decides to run away with little baby Gabriel, leaving the safety of The Community to experience the freedom of independence, self-direction, nature, and, oh yeah, starvation. The story ends with a malnourished Jonas and Gabriel sledding down a hill in the snow. Or dying - the book isn't exactly clear on that. (What's with ambiguous sled endings, anyway?)At first glance, this couldn't be more different from the beginning of "The Lottery," which is set in small-town America where everything seems just average enough. We get a chance to meet the townspeople's key families, like the Hutchinsons and Summerses, as the community gathers around the post office for some kind of annual lottery drawing. The adults chit-chat, the couples bicker, and the children do children-ey things as everyone waits for the latecomers to arrive and the drawing to get started. In the meantime, we learn all about the appearance and history of the lottery box from which lots are drawn. At long last, a representative from the Hutchinson family selects a marked slip of paper from the box, indicating that his entire family is to re-draw lots amongst themselves. What we don't realize until the very end is that whichever family member receives the "winning" lot (in this case, Tess Hutchinson) is then stoned to death by the other townspeople - including her own family.What makes "The Lottery" so much creepier than The Giver - aside from the whole children stoning parents / parents stoning children thing - is that while society in The Giver seems to operate by some kind of magic, society in "The Lottery" operates by good ol' fashioned social conditioning, which we have no shortage of in the real world. Worse yet, while The Community at least pretends to be looking out for its own, the townspeople in "The Lottery" never give so much as a sorry-but-we're-super-crowded excuse as to why the drawing is held or how it ever got started; people participate voluntarily and without the need for a reason. The fact that almost a third of the story describes the tradition and procedure of the lottery emphasizes how social ritual obscures all understanding of what's really going on - for readers and lottery-goers alike. And while the particulars of this story may sound a little far-fetched, keep in mind that Jackson published this story in 1948 - just as the world was still coming to grips with the full tragedy of the Holocaust. Still seem implausible?Think "utopia," then think Third Reich.
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